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Seneca Nation of New York
The Seneca Nation of New York, also known as the Seneca Nation of Indians (Salamanca), is a federally recognized tribe of Seneca people in New York.〔Pritzker, 469〕 The tribe has two alternating capitals: one in Irving, New York on the Cattaraugus Reservation, and the other in Jimerson Town near Salamanca on the Allegany Indian Reservation.〔("New York Casinos." ) ''500 Nations.'' (retrieved 31 May 2010)〕 It is one of two federally recognized Seneca tribes in New York. The other is the much smaller Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians, which broke off from the Seneca Nation in 1857.
Seneca people also make up part of the Seneca-Cayuga Nation, located in Oklahoma. They are descendants of Iroquois and Mingo who had migrated from New York to Ohio before the American Revolutionary War, and were relocated from there to Indian Territory in the nineteenth century.
==Government==
The tribe was established in 1848 by a Constitutional Convention of Seneca people residing on the Allegany and Cattaragus Territories in present-day New York. The Seneca Nation of Indians Constitution established a tri-partite governing structure based on general elections of 16 Councilors, three Executives (President, Treasurer, Clerk), and Court justices (Surrogates and Peacemakers). These elections are held every two years, concurrent with Election Day in the rest of the United States. The leadership rotates between the two reservations each election, and no officer can serve consecutive terms because of this. There are no other term limits, and elected officers can serve numerous nonconsecutive terms.〔("Government." ) ''Seneca Nation of Indians.'' (retrieved 31 May 2010)〕
This republican form of government stands in contrast to that of the federally recognized Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians. It has retained the traditional native government of hereditary chiefs chosen by clan mothers. These leaders were deposed in the 1848 convention of the Seneca Nation of New York.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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